Atuação da enfermagem obstétrica na humanização do parto eutócico / Performance of obstetric nursing in the humanization of eutocic delivery / Desempeño de la enfermería obstétrica en la humanización del parto eutócico

Objetivo: Identificar na literatura aspectos relacionados à atuação da enfermagem obstétrica na humanização do parto eutócico. Métodos: Revisão integrativa norteada pela pergunta: "Como a atuação da enfermagem obstétrica corrobora para o processo de humanização do parto eutócico?". Os dados foram coletados em agosto a setembro de 2020, por meio da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e na Scopus através do Portal Capes, a partir de cruzamentos dos descritores: "Enfermagem obstétrica" e "humanização do parto". Resultados: Os enfermeiros que prestam assistência obstétrica humanizada atuam na realização de práticas que respeitam a fisiologia do parto. Ademais, destacam-se por serem capazes de respeitar os direitos, escolhas e autonomia da mulher no momento do trabalho de parto. Entretanto, as boas práticas na assistência a parturiente não são uma realidade em todos os serviços de saúde, visto que nem todas as mulheres que passam por esse processo são beneficiadas com um cuidado de qualidade. Conclusão: A atuação da enfermagem é relevante na mudança do modelo medicalizado de atenção ao parto e nascimento para um modelo humanizado de acordo com que é preconizado pelo o Ministério da Saúde. (AU)

Objective: To identify in the literature aspects related to the performance of obstetric nursing in the humanization of eutocic delivery. Methods: Integrative review guided by the question: "How does the performance of obstetric nursing corroborate the humanization process of eutocic birth?". Data were collected in August to September 2020, through the Virtual Health Library and at Scopus through the Capes Portal, from the intersections of the descriptors: "Obstetric nursing" and "humanization of childbirth". Results: Nurses who provide humanized obstetric care work in carrying out practices that respect the physiology of childbirth. In addition, they stand out for being able to respect the rights, choices and autonomy of women during labor. However, good practices in assisting parturient women are not a reality in all health services, since not all women who go through this process benefit from quality care. Conclusion: The performance of nursing is relevant in changing the medical model of care for childbirth and birth to a humanized model according to what is recommended by the Ministry of Health. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar en la literatura aspectos relacionados con el desempeño de la enfermería obstétrica en la humanización del parto eutócico. Métodos: Revisión integrativa guiada por la pregunta: "¿Cómo el desempeño de la enfermería obstétrica corrobora el proceso de humanización del parto eutócico?". Los datos fueron recolectados de agosto a septiembre de 2020, a través de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y en Scopus a través del Portal Capes, a partir de las intersecciones de los descriptores: "Enfermería obstétrica" y "Humanización del parto". Resultados: Las enfermeras que brindan atención obstétrica humanizada trabajan en la realización de prácticas respetuosas con la fisiología del parto. Además, destacan por poder respetar los derechos, elecciones y autonomía de las mujeres durante el trabajo de parto. Sin embargo, las buenas prácticas en la atención a las parturientas no son una realidad en todos los servicios de salud, ya que no todas las mujeres que pasan por este proceso se benefician de una atención de calidad. Conclusión: El desempeño de la enfermería es relevante en el cambio del modelo médico de atención al parto y parto a un modelo humanizado de acuerdo a lo recomendado por el Ministerio de Salud. (AU)

Factors that influence the development of avulsion of the levator ani muscle in eutocic deliveries: 3-4D transperineal ultrasound study.

INTRODUCTION: Levator ani muscle (LAM) lesions are the most frequent injuries of the pelvic floor during delivery. Ten to 36% of women report this lesion during their first delivery. Many risk factors have been proposed but very few evaluate the aspects that can influence during natural vaginal delivery. METHOD: A prospective observational trial was conducted involving 74 primiparous women following vaginal delivery. Maternal, fetal and obstetric characteristics were analyzed. A transperineal three or four-dimensional (3D-4D) ultrasound was offered six months after delivery in order to evaluate avulsions and anomalies of the hiatus. RESULTS: Seventy four women were included, three of them did not show up for ultrasound evaluation. Sixty two (87.3%) demonstrated no avulsion in comparison with nine (12.7%) who did. Five of these lesions were unilateral and four bilateral. Mean newborn weight was 3193 g in the "no avulsion group" versus 3470 g in the "avulsion" group (p=0.025). DISCUSSION: According to the results, the most important risk factor established, for avulsion during natural childbirth, was the newborn weight. This contrasts with many other authors who have established that birth weight has no impact on these lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The most important factor intervening in the avulsion of LAM during natural vaginal delivery is the newborn weight. Patients with diagnosed avulsions present an enlarged urogenital hiatus during valsalva and maximal contraction.